Archaeology and art history

Ovaj rad donosi rezultate trogodišnjeg studentskog projekta mapiranja arheološkog nalazišta Velić, slučajno otkrivenog 2011. godine u Cetinskoj krajini. Područje upisano u Registar kulturnih dobara relativno je velikih dimenzija i nalazi se u uvjetima iznimno guste vegetacije koja je otežavala razumijevanje položaja i odnosa objekata. Nakon izvršenog rekognosciranja izrađena je uža mapa lokaliteta pomoću programa AutoCad koja je služila kao temelj za izradu cjelovitog nacrta položaja vidljivih struktura 2015. godine. U zimi 2015. godine i 2016. godine u programu Agisoft Photoscan izrađen je poligonalni model područja na kojem se nalazi dio struktura na nalazištu radi potpunije dokumentacije.

This paper presents the results of a three year long (2014-2016) student project of mapping the archaeological site of Velić in the Cetinska Krajina region. The site was accidentally discovered in 2011 by a local inhabitant inside a dense forest near the main road leading from the town of Trilj (Croatia) to Livno (Bosnia and Herzegovina). During the initial survey of the 2014 campaign, the placement and mutual relation of the site’s structures were unclear due to heavy vegetation and the area’s relative size. In order to overcome this, a small portion of the site was mapped using a total station and AutoCAD software. This map was then used as a basis for a plan of the whole area which was made during a survey in 2015. A polygonal 3D model of a portion of the site was made in the winter of 2015 and in 2016. It enabled the structures, which had been hidden by vegetation and were thus difficult to discern with the naked eye or with a drone, to become clearer. These campaigns fulfilled the purpose of preparing the grounds for wider archaeological excavations in the future.

U radu se iznose rezultati studentskog projekta „Mapiranje arheološkog lokaliteta Velić u kontekstu povijesnih cestovnih komunikacija“ provedenog 2017. godine. Višegodišnji rad na lokalitetu Velić otvorio je pitanje njegovog smještaja u kontekstu ostalih lokaliteta šireg triljskog područja i pitanje njegove povezanosti s njima. Najistaknutiji antički lokalitet ovog područja je rimski vojni logor „Tilurium“ u selu Gardun, svega desetak kilometara udaljen od Velića. Komunikacija između ovih dvaju lokaliteta nije isključena, no dokazi o njoj još uvijek nisu pronađeni. Najraniji izvor koji potvrđuje postojanje rimskih putova na triljskom području je „Tabula Peutingeriana“, koja među ostalim sadrži i prikaz cesta koje vode od Salone preko današnjeg Trilja prema unutrašnjosti provincije Dalmacije. Mnogi autori već od kraja 19. stoljeća spominju upravo cestu prema Argentariji i današnjoj Bosni i Hercegovini, koja se vjerojatno nalazila u blizini Velića. Dodatnu težinu ovoj pretpostavci daje Mihovil Abramić objavom miljokaza iz Velića datiranog u 236. godinu. Razgranatu mrežu putova potvrđuju i katastarske i vojne izmjere 19. stoljeća, koje pomažu pri čitanju današnjih satelitskih snimaka. Prošlogodišnji projekt sastojao se od tri dijela. Priprema je uključivala istraživanje povijesnih izvora i literature te pregledavanje suvremenih satelitskih snimaka i karata katastarskih i vojnih izmjera 19. stoljeća. U terenski pregled uključena su dva ograničena područja s različitih strana toka rijeke Cetine: 1. okolica naselja Vedrine i Jabuka te lokaliteta Velić i 2. okolica sela Gardun i bliski dio Vojnićkog polja. Tijekom rekognosciranja za pomoć pri georeferenciranju točaka i mapiranju trasa korištena  je mobilna aplikacija „GPS Waypoint Navigator“. Nakon obavljenog terenskog pregleda u Zagrebu je završena obrada podataka i ucrtane su pretpostavljene cestovne strukture.

This paper presents the results of a student project mapping the archaeological site of Velić in the context of historical road communications, which was conducted during the year of 2017. Researching the Velić archaeological site during a few years brought out the question of its placement in the context of other archaeological sites in the wider Trilj area and their mutual relations. The most prominent ancient site of this area is the Roman military camp „Tilurium“, situated in the village of Gardun, which is only about 10 kilometres away from
Velić. Communication between these two sites is not excluded, but the evidence has still not been found. The earliest document which confirms the existence of Roman roads in the area of Trilj is the „Tabula Peutingeriana“, depicting the roads which lead from Salona through Trilj
to the inland. Numerous scholars since the end of the 19th century precisely mention the road to Argentaria and today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina, which probably ran near Velić. A milestone found in Velić, dated in 236 AD and published by Mihovil Abramić, can be used as another argument in favour of this assumption. Cadastral and military surveys from the 19th century also confirm a wide network of historic roads in this area and help with the understanding of and interpreting today’s satellite images. Last year’s project consisted of three components.
The preparation included researching historical sources and known literature with examining contemporary satellite images and cadastral and military survey maps from the 19th century. The field survey included two limited areas of different riversides of Cetina: 1) the surroundings of the towns of Vedrine and Jabuka with the Velić archaeological site (left riverside) and 2) the surroundings of the village of Gardun and nearby parts of the Vojnić plain (right riverside).
The mobile application „GPS Waypoint Navigator“ was used for point georeferencing and route mapping. After completing the field survey, the final data processing and mapping of the presumed road structures were completed in Zagreb.

DIÖZESANPRISTER NAMENS TJEHODRAG UND SEINE INSCHRIFT
Während der archäologischen Forschungen an der Lokalität Podvornice in Lištani (im Südwesten des Livno-Feldes) wurde eine Inschrift in der kirchlich-slawischen Sprache der kroatischen Redaktion gefunden, wo in kroatischer Kyrilliza ein Diözesanprister namens Tjehodrag und seine fünf Söhne erwähnt wurden. Viele archäologische Funde, die von dieser Lokalität stammen, zeugen von einem kontinuierlichen Leben in diesem Raum seit der römischen Antike bis zum Spätmittelalter. Zwei Zeilen dieser Inschrift bestehen aus 15 slawischen Lexeme und einem alten Lehnwort pop. Ähnliche gemischte glagolitisch-kyrillische Denkmäler entstehen an der Wende des 12. Jahrhunderts. Allem Anschein nach stammt diese Inschrift aus der ersten Hälfte des 12. Jahrhunderts und gehört zu den ältesten Inschriften, die in kroatischer Kyrillize geschrieben wurden. Eine vorzügliche Ausarbeitung weist darauf hin, dass die Steinmetzarbeit auf dem Livno-Gebiet eine hundertjährige Tradition hatte.

FEHLSCHLAG DES ’RITTERS’ - DIE ANTWORT
AN MIRKO VIDOVIĆ
Diese Arbeit ist ein Rückblick auf das Pamphlet von Mirko Vidovic über die Inschrift des Priesters Tjehodrag (12. Jh.) aus der Zeitschrift Povijesni prilozi - Historical contributions 34 (2008), 251-258. Vidovic datiert diese Inschrift unakademisch und argumentenlos ins 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. und “beweist” auf diese Weise das illyrische Alphabet, “die Sprache der pannonischen Gebiete bzw. des Bosniens”, die Christianisierung des Livno-Gebietes in der Apostelzeit, die dortige Anwesenheit der Kroaten seit dem 3. Jahrhundert u. ä. Vidovic zitiert eigenwillig die angeblich gebrauchte Literatur, unterstellt und verdreht dabei den Tatbestand.

In 1990 the excavation of a group of tumuli in southwestern Bosnia was published in the pages of Antiquity. The key discovery was the Bronze Age burial of an adult male (Pustopolje tumulus 16), wrapped in a large woollen textile. At the time, little attention was paid to the textile. New analyses of the fabric, however, have led to a reappraisal of this find. The textile is presented here fully for the first time, with details of the analyses that have been undertaken. These reveal that the Pustopolje textile has major significance for our understanding of the early development of weaving technology and clothing in the Bronze Age archaeological record, and in particular it underlines the presence of distinct and separate weaving traditions in Central Europe and Scandinavia.